Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup

Jacob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup, (16 April 1825 – 24 December 1913), was a Danish politician, member of the Højre party. He was Interior Minister from 1865 to 1869 in the Cabinet of Frijs and Council President as well as Finance Minister from 1875 to 1894 as the leader of the Estrup Cabinet. At 19 years, he was the longest serving Danish prime minister.
From a Danish historical perspective, he is perhaps most famous (or infamous) for the so-called provisional time (provisorietiden) from 1885 to 1894. After a huge defeat in the 1884 Folketinget parliamentary election, in which the Højre party only gained 19 out of 102 seats, he simply refused to resign as Head of Government. (The title “konseilspresident” has later been changed to “statsminister” but both titles are equivalent to Prime Minister) He then wasn’t able to get parliamentary support for the imperative annual Financial Laws, he instead managed to bring about King Christian IX’s support for Provisional Financial Laws. This included support from the so-called Landstinget as well. The Landstinget was a smaller assembly of politicians, of which half of its members were chosen by the Monarch. A reason to why the Monarch agreed to nine such annual provisional laws, the King and Estrup both believed in the building of the Copenhagen defense wall (Københavns befæstning) at the time known as “Vestencienten” built between 1888 and 1892.